Recruitment for autism cohorts tends to involve a trade-off between large numbers and depth of phenotyping. A public-private-academic collaboration in the state of Rhode Island, The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), has attempted to establish a major statewide research registry that combines epidemiological sampling with direct evaluation. They now report a summary of the first 1,000 participants.

The RI-CART registry was supported in part by a SFARI award to Eric Morrow and Stephen Sheinkopf and was designed as a broad effort to recruit across the state of Rhode Island with the active help of providers and advocacy organizations. Individuals were eligible to participate if they had previously been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or there was concern on the part of a family member or clinician about a possible ASD diagnosis. The authors’ analysis of the first 1,000 participants (recruited between 2013 and 2016) identified more than 90 percent concordance between community diagnoses and results from gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) assessments offered as part of the RI-CART evaluation. Other analyses delved into demographic characteristics, phenotypes as characterized by a range of other assessments, and co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions stratified by sex. They note a clear delay in the diagnosis of females, likely owing to better language skills.

All told, Morrow, Sheinkopf and colleagues emphasize the unique nature of the RI-CART cohort, which involves a large geographic population and good depth of sampling (estimated as 20–49 percent of the pediatric age population in Rhode Island). The heterogeneity of presentation across the cohort also mirrors that reported in other cohorts.