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Transgenerational inheritance of pathogen avoidance or: How getting food poisoning might save your species
In this lecture, Coleen Murphy will present how she and her colleagues found that a single exposure to purified small RNAs isolated from pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) is sufficient to induce pathogen avoidance in the treated worms and four subsequent generations of progeny. The RNA interference (RNAi) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways, the germline and the ASI neuron are all required for avoidance behavior induced by bacterial small RNAs and for the transgenerational inheritance of this behavior. A single P. aeruginosa non-coding RNA, P11, is necessary and sufficient to convey learned avoidance of PA14, and its C. elegans target, maco-1, is required for avoidance. Their results suggest that this non-coding-RNA-dependent mechanism evolved to survey the microbial environment of the worm, use this information to make appropriate behavioral decisions and pass this information on to its progeny.

What do we mean by ‘autism risk genes’?
Chief Clinical Officer, Dascena
Joseph Buxbaum, Ph.D.
Director, Seaver Autism Center
Professor, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences
Vice Chair for Research and Vice Chair for Mentoring, Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Heather Mefford, M.D., Ph.D.
Full Member, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
David Ledbetter and Joseph Buxbaum discussed whether there are genes for which mutations confer risk specific to autism or whether these genes are really conferring general risk of disrupted brain development. The discussion was moderated by Heather Mefford.

Small molecules, genes and antisense oligonucleotides: Industry perspectives on treatment development for ASD
Vice President, Head of Clinical Science, Axial Therapeutics
Stuart Cobb, Ph.D.
Chief Scientific Officer, Neurogene; Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh
Yael Weiss, M.D., Ph.D.
Vice President, Business Development, Ultragenyx
Randy Carpenter, M.D.
Chief Medical Officer, Rett Syndrome Research Trust; Co-Founder, Allos Pharma
Federico Bolognani, Stuart Cobb, and Yael Weiss joined a panel to discuss new industry developments on the use of small molecules, gene therapy and antisense oligonucleotides as treatment approaches for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The panel discussion was moderated by Randall Carpenter.


New research results from the Australian Autism Biobank study
Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Molecular Bioscience
Affiliate Professor, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland
Jake Gratten and Naomi Wray presented findings from the Australian Autism Biobank study, an initiative to establish an Australian resource of biospecimens, phenotypes and genomic data for autism research.

Clinical trials and cyclic AMP in fragile X syndrome: A life journey
Elizabeth Berry-Kravis discussed refinements in clinical trial design and outcome measures that contributed to the success of a recent phase II trial for fragile X syndrome.

Rare variants and the genetics of autism
Evan Eichler discussed his research on the genetics of autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions.
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